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How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests
Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...Headache: the clue is in the eyes
A worrying cause of headache is raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Papilloedema is a vital clue for accurate diagnosis and performing fundoscopy is essential in detecting this sign. The authors review the use of fundoscopy in their own district general hospital....
Children’s clinic perceptions
The authors designed a questionnaire intended to be child friendly and for use in a paediatric ophthalmology clinic. The aim of the study was to sample the opinions of the children attending their clinics. Topics in the questionnaire included timing...Apr/May 2014 Quiz 2
History A 29-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a two week history of floaters and patchy peripheral visual field loss in the left eye (LE). She had no relevant medical history and she was not on any current...
D-EYE device versus direct ophthalmoscope
D-EYE digital ophthalmoscope is a fundus camera device that attaches to a smartphone and is used in conjunction with a HIPAA-compliant app. The authors conducted a study in which 25 medical students examined the fundi of two undilated patients with...How to examine the visual system Part 1: visual acuity, visual fields and eye movements
Asking candidates to perform an examination of the visual system, either as part of a full cranial nerve exam or as an individual entity, is a common station in practical examinations during medical school. It is important to practise for...
Congenital aniridia with or without retinal detachment
The authors present the clinical and molecular genetic evaluations performed on a large Iranian pedigree with 26 aniridia affected patients in four generations and some with retinal detachment. Members of the family affected with aniridia were invited to participate after...
Orbital sphenoid sinus trauma: a rare trauma case
With a high complication and mortality rate, intra-sphenoidal and transorbital trauma poses a high complication rate and remains challenging to manage. Numerous key structures run nearby such as: the optic nerve, internal carotid arteries and ophthalmic arteries. The authors present...
Two illustrative cases of AZOOR
The authors present two illustrative cases of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) which causes acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement. The disease is characterised by sudden loss of outer retinal function associated with photopsia, with minimal or no fundoscopic changes...
Optic disc haemorrhages as a risk factor for poor outcomes in IIH
This is a report of a review of optic disc photographs, of the type and frequency of the optic disc haemorrhages (ODH), papilloedema grades and other fundoscopic abnormalities at baseline. In the study eyes of 133 patients enrolled in the...
