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How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests

Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...

“Beware of the pigment”

Using some captivating artwork, Iheukwumere Duru describes key features of pigment dispersion syndrome. Pigmentary dispersion syndrome (PDS) leads to pigmentary glaucoma (PG) in approximately 35-50% of patients with the condition [1]. PG is the leading cause of non-traumatic blindness in...

Uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumour. However, they are still rare, with an incidence of 2-8 per million [1]. The presence of a choroidal naevus is a risk factor for uveal melanoma [1]. Patients with choroidal lesions...

Corneal dystrophies simplified

Based on biomicroscopic and histopathologic features, corneal dystrophies can be broadly classified into epithelial, Bowman’s layer / anterior stromal, stromal, and endothelial dystrophies. Corneal dystrophies are a group of inherited, bilateral, gradually progressing, non- inflammatory conditions caused by accumulation of...

Radiation retinopathy

The authors review the current treatment options for this condition. Radiation retinopathy (RR) occurs as a complication after exposure to any type of radiation (external beam, plaque brachytherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery) in the orbital or adnexal region. These include nasopharyngeal...

It’s Friday, I’m In Love: Pete’s Hidden Curriculum Part 3

“When you’re in love, it’s the most glorious two-and-a-half days of your life.” - Richard Lewis [1]. The good news is that we are over the hump now and past the most depressing day of the year, which is known...

What's trending Oct/Nov 2020

A round-up of the eye-related hot topics that have been trending on social media over the last few weeks. #oldEnglish #herbalremedies Researchers from the University of Warwick, investigating natural remedies to treat bacterial infections, have discovered a potential new treatment....

Adjuvant radiotherapy in orbital malignancy

This is a retrospective review of high dose volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) for adjuvant treatment of patients with orbital malignancy who had already undergone local excision or exenteration. VMAT differs from conventional external beam radiotherapy in that it is...

Quiz Oct/Nov 2022

History An Afro-Caribbean woman, aged 30, with “scleral tattooing” for cosmetic reasons (subconjunctival dye injection), presented with bilateral upper and lower eyelid oedema for one week, and she also had restricted eye movement and blurry vision in her right eye....

Wearing glasses boosts income by a third in low-income communities, finds landmark new study

A pair of reading glasses increases the earnings of people in low-income communities by 33% according to new research.

Periorbital and subconjunctival emphysema - a sign of orbital rim fracture

Background Orbital emphysema is a condition where air is present in orbit or periorbital tissues [1]. It is most commonly caused by trauma leading to orbit fracture, where air from paranasal sinuses is allowed to enter the orbit. The most...

Burnout: ubiquitous and unavoidable?

Meriam Islam reminds us of the importance of ‘putting our oxygen mask on first’ and avoiding burnout while we progress through our careers. Burnout. It’s a term we hear a lot. What does it mean though? According to Merriam Webster,...