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Navigating the retina: the nitty-gritty of slit-lamp fundus examination

The slit-lamp fundus examination can be a difficult and disorientating task for beginners due to the retina being viewed in a non-anatomical orientation, the small area of retina illuminated, and the counterintuitive technique of the examination. This article provides a...

Doing a systematic review: a users’ guide for foundation doctors

Research is increasingly important for junior doctors and systematic reviews (SRs) are a great place to start. Carrying out an SR can help a doctor demonstrate commitment to a specialty, develop research skills and get results quickly. This article aims...

Intravitreal injections delivered by ophthalmic clinical nurse specialists

Intravitreal injections of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent ranibizumab, for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was approved by National Institute for Health & Care Excellence (NICE) in 2008 [1]. The Manchester Royal Eye Hospital (MREH),...

Cataract incidence rates in patients from the UK suffering with diabetes mellitus

The authors summarise the main findings from a recent study which investigated the incidence rates of cataract in patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). Background to the study Worldwide, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 253 million people...

Ophthalmology history and examination – a guide for medical students

*First author Students have very little exposure to ophthalmology during their years at medical school. Teaching consists of a handful of lectures followed by a short placement in which students are expected to practise histories and examinations on patients with...

Unilateral central scotoma following dengue fever

Case report A 16-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the eye casualty at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust by the infectious diseases unit in September 2013. He gave a history of photophobia, pain on eye movements and central blurred vision...

The medical student syndrome

It is often said that “a little learning is a dangerous thing,” but being super savvy can’t put us at the brink of harm, can it? Each year as thousands of students commence their medical degrees, they begin a journey...

Ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence

The authors assessed the ease and utility of ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence (UWF-FAF) in detecting suspected inherited retinal disease in children who were difficult to examine. They aimed to assess the sensitivity of UWF-FAF and UWF-CF (colour fundus) photography and clinical...

Long-term follow-up of OPGs in neurofibromatosis type 1

This retrospective observational case series reports outcomes of children followed-up for at least 10 years with optic pathway glioma (OPGs) related to neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) between January 1985 and July 2007. They observed 45 children for a mean of...

Eyelid position assessment using mobile phone photography and simple measurement tool in children

Inspired by the difficulty to obtain the gold-standard measurement of eyelid position in children, the authors present a proof-of-concept study of a simple measurement tool paired with digital photography. Patients and their siblings between the ages of one-year to 21-years-old,...

Speculum use increases IOP in newborn measurements

The authors aimed to investigate the effect on using an eyelid speculum (Barraquer wire eyelid speculum) on IOP measurement in newborns with a mean age of 37 weeks under topical anesthesia. Mean gestational age at birth and mean post-conceptual age...

Natural history of idiopathic intracranial hypertension depending on incidental or symptomatic presentation

The authors present a large retrospective review cohort of consecutive patients diagnosed or presumed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) over a three-year period at a single tertiary centre. Patients on medication with a known aetiology for IIH were excluded. The cohort...