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From novice to overnight on-calls: developing an ophthalmology bootcamp to ease the learning curve for new trainees

Introduction My first ophthalmology on-call was nine years ago and it was a fairly traumatic experience. I was an FY2 in a Welsh district general hospital and I was on my own – at least, that’s how it felt to...

Microcatheter in the vertebral artery as a cause of branched retinal artery occlusion?

A 19-year-old male presented to eye casualty with a seven-day history of a ‘blurred patch’ in the left eye. The patient denied any other visual symptoms including flashes or floaters and there had been no change in visual symptoms in...

Pituitary tumours: why are they so often missed?

Part 1: Introduction, historical background and Edinburgh connections (see also Part 2 and Part 3) Is there any ophthalmologist who has not missed a pituitary tumour? Hopefully this article will help those currently in practice to avoid such an embarrassment,...

Pathway innovations to address cataract services post-COVID-19

Background The demand for cataract services prior to the COVID-19 pandemic was already recognised to be high and growing - in the face of an ageing population and reduced surgical thresholds. When added to the growth in demand for ophthalmic...

Does bariatric surgery prevent progression of diabetic retinopathy?

The authors report a retrospective observational study of T2DM patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 2009 and 2015. Preoperative and postoperative weight, HbA1c, and annual diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening results were obtained from medical records. Patients with preoperative retinal screening...

Corneal stroma modelling under hypoxic conditions

The cornea is exposed to hypoxia under several conditions including sleep, inflammation and wound healing. Being an avascular tissue to maintain transparency, how the cornea homeostatic controls oxygen tension is important. To address this process two models were utilised; a...

Enzymatic clearance of anterior chamber infiltrate in uveitis

Aqueous humour (AH) which fills the anterior chamber (AC) of the eye provides nutrients to the cornea and the lens. Clearance of cellular and particular matter from AH is necessary for good visual acuity. In part this is achieved by...

Simulating the visual impairment symptoms of age-related macular degeneration in virtual reality

A new virtual reality application visually simulates age-related macular degeneration and demonstrates its progression over time including some Charles Bonnet syndrome hallucinations. Introduction Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries with the prevalence of...

Specialist high-street eye clinics for managing patients with retinal disorders can enhance care standards

The author examines the successful introduction of community-based retinal clinic services by Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust. Dr Sajjad Mahmood, Consultant Ophthalmologist, MREH, shares experience of establishing community-based medical retina clinic services. Sight loss from age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract,...

The results of the last survey Feb24

Thank you to all those who participated in this edition’s survey and for those of you who attended my recent Medico-legal Seminar at the Royal College of Ophthalmologists. It was a fascinating and educational day, made a success by the...

Cyclosporine A and pterygium fibroblasts

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of structurally related zinc-dependent extracellular matrix degrading proteinases that have been implicated in facilitating the migration and growth of pterygia. Both MMP- 3 and MMP-13 were found to be overexpressed in the fibroblasts...

Governments missing opportunity to increase economic progress

Report calls on governments to invest in eye health to address $410.​​​9​​ billion loss in economic productivity.