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Acute retinal necrosis presumably caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection

1 October 2015 | | AMD, Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Emergency Ophthalmology, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is an uncommon, but serious and potentially blinding condition. ARN is characterised by panuveitis, occlusive vasculopathy and progressive peripheral necrotising retinitis. The diagnosis is clinical but confirmation is sought via aqueous and vitreous sampling. Varicella zoster...

The results of the last survey Oct21

1 October 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Cataract and Refractive
This edition’s survey questions moved away from the deep and ethically charged questions of the recent surveys and focussed on simple and straightforward issues. This is really where the surveys began in exploring the minor practice variations which we have...

The Escape Room and gamification of ophthalmology teaching

3 April 2024 | | Ophthalmology
Recently, there has been an interesting development in medical education and its ‘gamification’. Educators are constantly looking for new ways to engage their students by adding a friendly element of competition, as evidenced by the great success of online education...

Retinoblastoma management update (part 2): treatment, screening and surveillance, long-term follow-up and new developments

1 February 2017 | | Ocular Pathology and Oncology
Retinoblastoma treatment requires significant multidisciplinary input, but early detection through raising awareness remains key to improving outcomes. In the second article of a two-part series, Manoj Parulekar discusses retinoblastoma management, screening and research. This article has been published in two...

Developments in oculoplastic surgery

1 June 2018 | | Oculoplastics
A study of NHS practice demonstrated significant patient-reported quality-of-life improvements from commonly performed oculoplastic operations: entropion repair, ectropion repair, ptosis repair and dacrocystorhinostomy (DCR) [1]. In recent years, surgical and non-surgical approaches to functional and aesthetic oculoplastic surgery have advanced...

Are we short-sighted about myopia?

1 December 2017 | | Cataract and Refractive, Optometry
Worldwide prevalence of myopia has increased rapidly in recent years and has now reached epidemic levels, particularly in South-East Asia where prevalence is around 80% [1-4]. Myopia prevalence is also increasing in the United States and Europe where it is...

Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION): a review

1 February 2017 | | Neuro-Ophthalmology
Ischaemic optic neuropathy (ION) is the commonest adult optic neuropathy encountered today in our ageing population, is a common cause of irreversible visual loss and is usually associated with underlying vascular disease. The condition is classified as follows: (a) Anterior...

Neurofibromatosis type 2 – diagnosis, features and MDT approach

1 December 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Orbit, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, Cataract and Refractive
NF2 is a genetic condition caused by mutation in a single gene (NF2 gene) on chromosome 22. The NF2 gene provides instructions to produce a protein called merlin, also known as schwannomin. This protein functions as a tumour suppressor, preventing...

Jun/Jul 2017 Quiz

1 June 2017 | Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, AMD, Emergency Ophthalmology
History A 57-year-old female patient presented with gradual painless diplopia over the last six months. Examination revealed restricted upward eye movements and 4mm proptosis which did not increase with Valsalva manoeuvre. Intraocular pressure was normal, no visual defects were noted,...

Toxic nutritional optic neuropathy (TON)

2 August 2022 | | Ophthalmology
Toxic optic neuropathy are a group of conditions manifested by reduction of visual functions secondary to damage to the anterior visual pathways from exposure to a toxin. The implicated toxin could be work-based, food or drink related, or iatrogenic medication....

Fundus photography in Malawi – setting up a screening programmefor diabetic retinopathy

1 August 2016 | | Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, AMD, Emergency Ophthalmology
We present the case of a 53-year-old lady who presented to the diabetes outpatient clinic at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe, Malawi. She was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus six years ago, for which she takes metformin orally. She...

Triamcinolone (TA) deposits following subcutaneous injection to treat chalazion

2 August 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Oculoplastics
Chalazia are chronic lipogranulomatous inflammations of the eyelid secondary to a blocked meibomian gland. Whilst most resolve spontaneously, certain chalazia warrant treatment. Options include incision and curettage (I&C), lesion excision, intralesional steroid injections, and botox injections [1]. I&C is usually...