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Photophobia: an unusual symptom of a pituitary macroadenoma

Introduction Photophobia, defined as ‘an abnormal intolerance to light’, is commonly associated with a range of both ocular and neurological pathologies such as dry eye, blepharospasm, corneal pathologies, cataracts, uveitis, retinal dystrophies, optic neuritis, migraine, meningitis, and traumatic brain injury...

Papilloedema: an update

Some readers may have seen a recent report in the national newspapers of the case of a teenage girl with persistent severe headache associated with a fatal brain tumour having been undiagnosed despite many consultations with her medical advisers. It...

My top five eye-related webinars during lockdown

1. Alcon Experience Academy The Alcon Experience Academy ran a non-promotional educational series from 12 May to 23 June 2020. Being mildly biased as a junior trainee, this has to be rated by far the best series due to its...

My Top Five: Eye-related webinars during lockdown

1. Alcon Experience Academy The Alcon Experience Academy ran a non-promotional educational series from 12 May to 23 June 2020. Being mildly biased as a junior trainee, this has to be rated by far the best series due to its...

Eyes on Rwanda: Lessons from an international ophthalmology experience

On the 26 February 2025, I travelled to Rwanda on the invitation of a former Belfast trainee, Michael Mikhail. Michael is now one of only two vitreoretinal (VR) surgeons in Rwanda, a country with a population of 14 million. Born...

The writer: publishing my first book as a trainee

Medicine is very hierarchical. Indeed, Hippocrates himself laid the foundation of the apprenticeship that is medical training and while it is the noble duty of the boss to pass on information and ask for tasks to be undertaken as a...

Tackling diabetic retinopathy globally through the VISION 2020 LINKS Diabetic Retinopathy Network

It is abundantly clear that the burden of diabetes is rapidly increasing, as there are now 415 million adults with diabetes in the world, with a projected rise to 642 million by 2040 [1]. This equates to 1 in 10...

Intermittent exotropia with a positive Bielchowsky head-tilt test

This is a retrospective study from Korea, of 118 patients’ charts with intermittent exotropia (IXT) and divided into two groups; 50 patients showed positive Bielchowsky head tilt test (BHTT) and 68 with negative BHTT. Significant differences (p<0.05) in the parameters...

Visual field changes in thyroid eye disease (TED)

This study is a retrospective non- comparative review of visual field (VF) tests in patients with compressive optic neuropathy from thyroid eye disease (TED-CON). Ninety-six visual fields in 68 patients were included in the study and a two-step analysis of...

MRI in anisometropic amblyopia

This study recruited patients with anisometropic amblyopia in the right eye and without strabismus. This allowed the authors to reduce the effort exerted in cortex activities by different amblyopic eyes. They used whole brain analysis to find the differences between...

Van Herick Plus

This a consecutive cross-sectional study of 95 phakic patients over the age of 40-years-old. By applying a short, vertical slit beam, the inferior angle at the scleral-limbal junction at 6 o’clock position was evaluated, photographed and assessed by a ratio...

Retinal vessel diameter in pseudoexfoliation

Pseudoexfolation (PEX) is characterised by deposition of fibrillary extracellular material on ocular and extraocular tissue. Studies have shown that deposition in vascular structures cause hypoxia and ischaemia. In the eye, a decrease in blood supply to the optic nerve can...