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Management of squint with near-distance angle disparity

These are a group of strabismus disorders where the angle of misalignment is different between near and distance. The focus of this article will be on the patients where the angle for near exceeds the distance angle by more than...

Principles of contact lens fitting in keratoconus

Keratoconus is an ectatic condition of the cornea characterised by progressive conical distortion with irregular astigmatism, myopia and apical protrusion. Most cases progress slowly resulting in varying degrees of myopic astigmatism. Management of keratoconus includes spectacles, soft contact lenses, a...

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs)

The term congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD) was introduced by Gutowski et al. in 2003 to describe strabismus conditions that result from developmental error in innervation of some of the extraocular muscles. Examples of these conditions include Duane’s syndrome and...

A paediatric case of central retinal artery occlusion following antibiotics and decompression surgery for orbital cellulitis

Orbital cellulitis is an ophthalmic emergency that warrants urgent management in the hospital setting [1]. This occurs more frequently in the paediatric population where it is often secondary to sinus infections. Delay in treatment could result in severe complications including...

Making sense of the orthoptic assessment

Following the Specialty Trainee article on this topic in the February/March 2020 issue, Joe Smith provides a more detailed breakdown of the orthoptic report. Orthoptists investigate, diagnose and manage a wide variety of patients with varying problems. In this article,...

Trabeculectomy with erroneous Mitomycin-C concentration – a near miss

Trabeculectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure for glaucoma in the United Kingdom and worldwide. Modifications to the technique have been made since its introduction in 1963, perhaps the most significant being the adjunctive use of mitomycin-C (MMC), which...