This study aimed to describe the relationship between intravitreal chemotherapy and IOP in children with retinoblastoma and identify risk factors for pronounced elevations. This was a retrospective study of ten cases (ten eyes) with 17 encounters overall. Mean age was...
This is an authoritative review of a controversial and difficult clinical area. The authors have experience of over 350 cases and provide a well-structured review of the classification and management of orbital vascular malformations. They emphasise the need to understand...
Hypovolaemia is a state of decreased blood volume, the reduction of which reduces tissue perfusion which may in turn lead to cellular hypoxia and end-organ damage. In blood donation, 500ml of blood is collected in ten minutes. This equates to...
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a sight-threatening condition resulting from occlusion of the central retinal artery and hypoperfusion of the inner retina. Early on, fundal examination may be normal. The authors present a retrospective case series of 11 patients...
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a subtype of acute ischaemic stroke which results in severe visual loss. Acute CRAO is equivalent to a brain acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), as the obstruction of the central retinal artery (CRA) causes end-organ...
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of intranasal combined dexmedetomidine (D) and intranasal midazolam-ketamine (MK) sedation and their effects on the occurrence of oculocardiac reflex in children’s strabismus surgery. The study recruited 37 children to each...
Amniotic membrane (AM) has potential for treatment of retinoblastoma (RB) patients with contracted sockets after enucleation. The authors present their experience of AM with enucleation for patients with RB after chemotherapy in this retrospective study of 100 eyes of 107...
OCT angiography (OCT-A) is based on the concept that in a static eye, the only moving structure in the fundus of the eye is blood flowing through the vessels. This book explains how the technique allows a depth-resolved analysis and...
The authors have described a group of healthy individuals who show alternating anisocoria, in a previous paper. In these cases, the pupil asymmetry alternates between eyes every few hours, with no observed instances when both pupils are equal in size....
The prevalence of diabetes has continued to increase over the years. It is currently estimated that there are 382 million with diabetes worldwide in 2013, and that this figure is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 [1]. In...
This retrospective interventional case series from Japan assessed whether preoperative alterations of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) in idiopathic macular holes correlated with postoperative functional and morphological changes in the macula. Fifty-nine eyes had preoperative Spectralis OCT using the ‘detailed’...
Airgun injuries to the eye and orbit can be visually devastating. The pellet need not impact the globe directly to cause visual loss, as the cone shaped orbit may funnel the projectile into the orbital apex and optic nerve. We...