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More sensitive visual acuity test for age-related macular degeneration

1 October 2016 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. Primarily associated with ageing, genetic factors and lifestyle choices such as smoking also play a contributory role. Patients with early AMD, characterised by the development of...

Surgical options for the treatment of hyperopia

1 August 2016 | | Cataract and Refractive
The modern refractive surgeon has a variety of options available to treat patients with hyperopia who wish to be independent of spectacles and contact lenses. Unlike in low myopia where presbyopic patients may have the ability to see well for...

Principles of management

1 August 2016 | | Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, AMD, Emergency Ophthalmology
Whatever section of pathology is to blame and wherever it strikes, the aim of treatment is always the same. Find the cause if you can. Establish the effects of the cause. Halt the pathological process if you can. Reverse its...

Practice tips: Directions in cataract surgery services and preventing postcataract endophthalmitis

1 August 2015 | | Cataract and Refractive
Future directions in the delivery of high quality cataract surgery services and approved intracameral prophylactic approaches to lowering the risk of postcataract infective endophthalmitis were debated by consultant ophthalmic surgeons in a recent London seminar, held at the Royal Society...

Changing the post cataract surgery review pathway – is patient safety compromised?

1 October 2014 | | Cataract and Refractive
Cataract surgery continues to be the most commonly performed elective surgical procedure in the UK, with an annual rate of approximately 4150/100,000 people over the age of 65 accounting for a significant proportion of the surgical workload of most ophthalmologists...

How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests

1 August 2014 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...

IN FOCUS - The achievements and lasting effects of VISION 2020

1 April 2020 | | Ophthalmology
Blindness is a major public health problem globally. The first estimate of global blindness by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1972 provided a figure of 10 to 15 million, which was considered an underestimate [1]. In 1999, an extraordinary...

White dot syndromes

1 September 2015 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
It is fair to say that trainees and consultants who are not medical retina specialists are a bit scared of the so called retinal ‘white dot syndromes’. It is easy to understand why this is the case, as almost every...

The treachery of images – making sense of OCT imaging

1 June 2016 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, Imaging
In 1929 Belgian surrealist Rene Magritte produced his painting La Trahison des Images. It depicted an old fashioned pipe for smoking tobacco and underneath were the words “ceci n’est pas une pipe”, this is not a pipe. You may wonder...

Understanding vasoproliferative retinal tumours

4 February 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Syed Irtiza Ali Shah explores this rare and unusual condition through a fascinating case presentation. Vasoproliferative tumours of the retina (VPTR) are a vascular mass with an associated exudative retinopathy alongside the presence of minimally dilated feeder vessels. This is...

“Beware of the pigment”

4 August 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Glaucoma
Using some captivating artwork, Iheukwumere Duru describes key features of pigment dispersion syndrome. Pigmentary dispersion syndrome (PDS) leads to pigmentary glaucoma (PG) in approximately 35-50% of patients with the condition [1]. PG is the leading cause of non-traumatic blindness in...

The interpretation and use of ultrasound biomicroscopy (part 1)

1 October 2016 | | Cornea / External Eye Disease, Imaging, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) has become increasingly important for the diagnosis of a variety of anterior segment pathologies. Most ophthalmologists are familiar with conventional B-scan ultrasonography techniques, which operate at lower sound frequencies (7.5 to 20MHz). UBM is an ultrasound technique...