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Neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy with imaging abnormalities in the occipital lobe – how to counsel the parents

5 April 2022 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Imaging, EYE - General
Case A baby boy, with a background of intrauterine growth restriction, was born at 37 weeks and three days gestation via forceps delivery. The baby was born in poor condition, with low heart rate, poor respiratory rate, poor colour and...

Vitreomacular traction and full thickness macular hole

1 December 2017 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - Imaging
Clinical scenario: A 64-year-old lady presented to the clinic with a few weeks history of sudden onset of metamorphopsia, central blur and reduced vision in her right eye. The ocular examination and ocular coherence tomography confirmed right eye focal vitreomacular...

Binocular single vision (BSV)

3 April 2023 | | EYE - General
Introduction In this article I will try to summarise some of the definitions, tests and assessments performed in the strabismus clinic to assess patient binocular potential. This is a key feature of strabismus assessment, especially in adults, and it will...

The paediatric cataract: an overview of the embryology and pathophysiology

5 February 2020 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
In the first of the two articles (see Part 2 here) on paediatric cataracts, Samuel Aryee reviews the aetiology of this condition. Cataracts arise from opacification of the natural transparent lens, which can cause partial or total blindness. Although the...

Non-organic visual loss

2 December 2019 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Patients can present to eye departments with various signs and symptoms (mostly symptoms) with no obvious organic cause. These patients can be labelled with any of a wide range of diagnoses such as functional visual loss, functional overlay, psychosomatic reaction...

Neurofibromatosis type 2 – diagnosis, features and MDT approach

1 December 2021 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
NF2 is a genetic condition caused by mutation in a single gene (NF2 gene) on chromosome 22. The NF2 gene provides instructions to produce a protein called merlin, also known as schwannomin. This protein functions as a tumour suppressor, preventing...

What's trending Aug/Sept 2019

1 August 2019 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - General
#puppydogeyes Who can resist a pair of puppy dog eyes? It may be that no human can! A team of researchers discovered that dogs acquired a new forehead muscle, which is scanty or absent in wolves. This muscle is the...

What's trending Aug/Sep 2023

3 August 2023 | | EYE - General
A round-up of the eye-related hot topics that have been trending on social media over the last few weeks. #Trufflesthekitty #Visionambassador #glassescat #ambylopiaawarness Truffles the Kitty was recently featured on Good Morning America [1]. Save the cute kitty footage for...

Shedding light on Wolfram syndrome: The unveiling of a delayed diagnosis

12 August 2025 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS1) was first described by Wolfram and Wagener in 1938 and it’s a rare neurodegenerative, progressive disorder, also known as DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness) [1]. We present an atypical case of WS...

The Leicester Grading System for Foveal Hypoplasia

1 April 2020 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - General
The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit have published the first medical grading system named after the city of Leicester. Infantile nystagmus is characterised by constant and involuntary eye movements and affects 24 per 10,000 people [1]. Onset is usually...

Eye testing at home – developing an app for measuring vision

5 October 2020 | | EYE - General
COVID-19 has made home vision monitoring a necessity. Stephanie Campbell shares how her idea for a vision testing app that would engage patients became a reality. Months before COVID-19 first began to mutate to its human host, there was a...

Tricks and tips for paediatric refraction

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Paediatrics
Refraction is an important part of the paediatric eye examination but can sometimes be challenging. If a child struggles to co-operate with the eye examination, how can one ensure that the best outcome is achieved? There are tips here which...