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2314 results found

Does Ozurdex affect perfusion status in vein occlusion?

Ozurdex (intravitreal dexamethasone implant) has been approved by National Institute of Health & Care Excellence (NICE) for treatment of patients with macular oedema associated with vein occlusion. This study looks at the change in peripheral perfusion status in patients with...

Dacryocystosclerotherapy as an alternative to dacryocystectomy

In this article, the authors evaluate the role of sclerosing agents in dacryocystosclerotherapy (DCST) and aim to see whether it is an alternative to dacryocystectomy (DCT) in a specific group of patients. Thirteen lacrimal drainage systems of 10 patients with...

Eyes on the road – visual standards for car drivers

The author examines the current visual standards required by drivers and asks whether more needs to be done to make roads safer. Are the public adequately protected by the current system of visual standards required by drivers? In a survey...

Commonest mistakes during the refraction certificate exam

Ophthalmology specialty trainees are required to pass the refraction certificate exam within the first two years of training. If one passes this exam before entering a training programme, this can add two points to the portfolio during applications. In this...

Injection frequency and anatomic outcomes following conversion to Aflibercept in neovascular AMD patients

This is a retrospective study of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with intravitreal Lucentis and / or Avastin who were switched to aflibercept (Eylea). This study was carried out by the Casey Eye Institute retinal clinics, between...

Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis: an overview

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which there is dissemination of lesions in time (two or more clinical events) and space (multiple lesions seen on brain and spinal imaging). The pathophysiology...

Emergency, Acute and Rapid Access Ophthalmology

There are two parts to the book; the first section makes up the bulk to the textbook and covers clinical aspects of emergency ophthalmology, and the second discusses the management and organisation of an emergency and rapid access service. Part...

What to expect when meeting a statistician

There are a growing number of statisticians working closely with ophthalmologists. They have different training but they are driven by the same goal: to perform high quality evidence based clinical research [1,2]. In a perfect world we would simply conduct...

Surgical technique for small-angle hypertropia

In order to treat small-angle hypertropia of <5PF associated with mild / moderate upshoot in adduction, an option is to suture the inferior oblique (IO) belly to the sclera following its natural muscle direction or with anterior transposition. This study...

Orbital cellulitis - an overview of the diagnosis and management

Periorbital (preseptal) and orbital cellulitis are infections of the subcutaneous tissues of the eye. They are differentiated by the location of the infection. Periorbital cellulitis refers to infection of the eyelid and subcutaneous tissues anterior to the orbital septum, whereas...

Thyroid eye disease

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition with a spectrum of signs and symptoms, usually associated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination but there are further investigations that can aid diagnosis if unclear....

Corpus callosum in infantile esotropia

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) imaging was undertaken with four infantile esotropia (IE) patients and nine controls. All with IE showed an asymmetrical distribution of callosal fibres when comparing two hemispheres. Many fibres terminated near the tips of the occipital cortices....