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Pituitary tumours: why are they so often missed?

1 April 2017 | | Neuro-Ophthalmology
Part 1: Introduction, historical background and Edinburgh connections (see also Part 2 and Part 3) Is there any ophthalmologist who has not missed a pituitary tumour? Hopefully this article will help those currently in practice to avoid such an embarrassment,...

Typical or surprisingly uncharacteristic presentations of neuro-ophthalmic emergencies

1 April 2019 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology
Irrespective of geographical location or patient cohort, emergency departments are high risk locations capable of inspiring extreme anxiety and dread in patients and doctors alike. The stress multiplies when a walk-in or referred case is suspected of underlying neurological pathology....

An update on inherited retinal disorders (part 2): Approaches to therapy for IRDs

1 December 2016 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Part 1 of this topic can be found here There are currently no proven cures for inherited retinal disease (IRD). However, multiple avenues of research are being investigated to better understand disease mechanisms and trial potential therapies that may slow...

Dec/Jan 2017 Quiz

1 December 2016 | Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, AMD, Emergency Ophthalmology
History An 18-month-old boy presented with a slow growing left anterior orbital lump medially. Examination revealed a palpable mass beneath the skin at the inferonasal aspect without any visual impairment. A CT scan (Figure 1) followed by an excisional biopsy...

Unilateral Single Wall Decompression of Thyroid Proptosis Following an Incidental Traumatic Injury

1 December 2013 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology
Case report A 69-year-old female with a long history of Grave’s ophthalmopathy was under routine follow-up when it was noted during a clinic visit that the amount of proptosis and lid retraction in her right eye had remarkably reduced. A...

The refractive index in the eye lens – implications for clinical practice and optical design

1 August 2016 | | Cataract and Refractive
The eye may appear to be a comparatively simple organ and yet its optical system is complex and continues to be a source of investigation and research. The major optical elements are considered to be the cornea and the lens...

Ocular electrophysiology

1 April 2014 | | Oculoplastics, Orbit
A 34-year-old woman, who is a CEO in a multinational firm, has been losing vision over the last 12 months. She has seen her opticians, who initially tried different glasses but could not improve things. Clinical examination is unremarkable. How...

Cataract surgery in uveitis patients

1 February 2016 | | Cataract and Refractive
Cataract formation is a common complication of uveitis, causing up to 40% of vision loss in these patients. Cataract results from inflammation +/- corticosteroid therapy and is usually posterior subcapsular, but a small proportion have a rapid increase in nuclear...

My top five: Uses of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology

3 August 2023 | | Ophthalmology
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a prominent topic of discussion within the field of ophthalmology, captivating researchers and practitioners alike. Although recent attention has been drawn to the integration of AI in ophthalmology, it’s important to recognise that AI...

Acute management of retrobulbar haemorrhage

1 February 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Orbit, Oculoplastics, Emergency Ophthalmology
The authors discuss the importance of rapid diagnosis and correct management of acute RBH presentation to avoid the risk of permanent blindness. Retrobulbar haemorrhage (RBH) is an ocular emergency that occurs due to arterial bleeding in the orbital cavity behind...

In vivo confocal microscopy, principles and use in keratitis Part 1: Principles

1 April 2018 | | Imaging, Cornea / External Eye Disease
In 1968 Maurice introduced the concept of high powered specular microscopy, it was in that very year that the first scanning confocal microscope was proposed. Marvin Minsky developed the first confocal microscope in 1955 named the ‘double focusing scanning microscope’....

FAQs about cerebral visual impairment (CVI): identifying and helping those affected

2 August 2022 | | Ophthalmology
Cerebral visual impairment is common in both adults and children, yet the diagnosis can easily be missed unless one is tuned into the presenting features. This article provides a succinct introduction to this important topic. What is vision? Vision is...