You searched for "refraction"
Choroidal folds
Choroidal folds are undulations of the choroid, Bruch’s membrane and pigment epithelium, with wrinkling of the overlying retina. They may be idiopathic but can also be caused by a number of different conditions. Case report A 60-year-old male patient was...Binocular single vision (BSV)
Introduction In this article I will try to summarise some of the definitions, tests and assessments performed in the strabismus clinic to assess patient binocular potential. This is a key feature of strabismus assessment, especially in adults, and it will...
The posterior capsular rupture rate post COVID-19 pandemic
In this retrospective single centre consecutive case series, the authors investigate the effect of suspending elective cataract surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic for a period of 19 weeks. They divided the study period, September 2019 to January 2021, into three...Preparing for modern ophthalmic surgical training as a trainee
As a trainee in ophthalmology, every day you are learning more and more about the specialty. In addition, you will most likely be exploring the vast array of subspecialties that ophthalmology has to offer, and would probably be trying to...Improved efficacy expected with second-generation microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) devices
Microinvasive surgical approaches to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) offer minimally traumatic options for effective intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in appropriately selected glaucoma patients. Increases in laser trabeculoplasty rates and wider adoption of glaucoma drainage device filtration procedures, together with the...How to pass the FRCOphth part 2 written
The part 2 written exam comprises of 180 multiple choice questions – spread over two 120-minute sessions. According to the most recent college exam reports, the pass rate ranged from 45 to 70% in 2019/2020. Most trainees seem to sit...Educational concerns and anxiety levels amongst ophthalmology trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic
How concerned are ophthalmology trainees about the present impact and the future consequences of suspended ophthalmic training programmes? Researchers in the West of Scotland investigate. Anxiety, stress and the longer-term stress reaction of burnout often go unrecognised, yet are known...
Conservative surgical management of optic disc pit maculopathy
Four cases are presented in this case report that illustrates the option of conservative surgical management for optic disc pit complicated by maculopathy (ODP-M). Four men aged 24-67-years-old with no spontaneous resolution of ODP-M for a minimum of three months,...
Modification of surgery to reduce consecutive ET
Surgical treatment for recurrent exotropia (ET) predominantly depends on the primary surgery. Modification of surgical dose may be required in secondary procedures. The aim of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of modified and conventional secondary surgery using lateral...
DVD angle measurements
Surgical treatment for recurrent exotropia (ET) predominantly depends on the primary surgery. Modification of surgical dose may be required in secondary procedures. The aim of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of modified and conventional secondary surgery using lateral...
Radiotherapy for orbital apex cavernous haemangiomas
This is a review of six patients with cavernous venous malformations (haemangiomas) involving the orbital apex who were treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Patients were diagnosed on MRI imaging with only one having had previous surgery to debulk the lesion....
