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Mast cells in Graves’ ophthalmopathy
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is a potentially sight-threatening ocular disease, occurring in patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease. Also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, GO is characterised by orbital infiltration by immune cells including macrophages, T cells and plasma cells, which...
Lacrimal gland carcinoma
This is a major review of the management of lacrimal gland carcinoma, focusing mainly on adenoid cystic carcinoma. Relevant literature published in English since 1970 was included amounting to some 40 articles after filtering. Overall mortality for all lacrimal gland...
ARN in North Africa
Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare cause of uveitis. This paper aims to outline the clinical features of 12 patients with ARN in a referral centre in Tunisia, North Africa. A retrospective review of case notes was carried out....
Transfected RPE cells inhibit AMD in rats
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Wet AMD is characterised by choroidal neovascularisation, new vessels into the retina, leading to leakage and tissue damage. Many proangiogenic factors particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)...
What are the features of facial nerve palsies in children?
The aim if this study was to report ophthalmic related findings and complications in children with facial palsy. Medical records from a tertiary centre were retrospectively searched for children 16 years and under with a diagnosis of facial palsy, over...
Ovarian hormones drive onset of Sjogren’s disease in mice
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a debilitating, sight-threatening, systemic autoimmune disease with no effective treatment available. SS is characterised by lacrimal gland lymphocytic infiltration and epithelial cell death, as well as by the presence of serum autoantibodies. Patients have severe dry...
Are single IOP measurements adequate for estimating the effect of IOP lowering interventions?
The World Glaucoma Association recommends that, to assess the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) of medication or surgery, the mean of multiple measurements of postoperative IOP is a better reflection of IOP than a single measurement of postoperative IOP. The...
Topography based keratoconus progression after corneal collagen cross-linking
Case 1 describes a 35-year-old man with progressive keratoconus (PK). His best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was right 20/80 (-5.25/-7.75 x 85) and left 20/20 (+4.75/-5.00 x 90). His Ks were right 36.32/48.02 D and 41.15/46.41 D. Right central cornea...My top five: Elective grants for an ophthalmology elective for a medical student surviving in a cost-of-living crisis
In a time where cost of living is significantly increasing, and the student NHS bursary is remaining stagnant, funding a medical elective is becoming increasingly more challenging for medical students. Surveys have shown that medical students typically get two to...My top five: A foundation doctor’s top five misconceptions about ophthalmology
Choosing a specialty is challenging. As a foundation doctor, it often feels as if this choice is based solely on fleeting experiences. Compared to other specialties, there is relatively little exposure to ophthalmology during either medical school or foundation years....
Neurofibromatosis type 1 features
The aim in this study was to identify the incidence and de nova mutation rate of Neurofibramatosis type 1 (NF1) and describe the ocular and non-ocular findings in a population-based cohort of patients diagnosed over a 30-year period. The study...
