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In vivo confocal microscopy, principles and use in keratitis Part 1: Principles

In 1968 Maurice introduced the concept of high powered specular microscopy, it was in that very year that the first scanning confocal microscope was proposed. Marvin Minsky developed the first confocal microscope in 1955 named the ‘double focusing scanning microscope’....

Corneal suture sample evaluation

This is a prospective study of 35 patients’ suture samples taken from a tertiary cornea clinic, Miami, Florida, with a history of penetrating keratoplasty. The aim is to study the relationship between corneal suture bacteriology, biofilm and the clinical setting,...

Incidence, microbiological profile and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of IK

This is a retrospective single centre study of all patients (with corneal scraping) including their demographic factors, microbiological profiles, and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of infectious keratitis (IK), studied between 2007 and 2019. The incidence of IK was 34.7/100,000 people...

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: a clinician’s perspective

Introduction Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV). The term herpes is derived from a Greek work, herpein, which means ‘creeping’ and the word zoster means a belt or a girdle...

PUK after corneal crosslinking

This retrospective study aimed to report the incidence, characteristics, clinical presentations, risk factors, and the available treatment modalities of sterile peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) post-corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL). In total 771 eyes of 474 patients operated for keratoconus or ectasia...

Corneal cross-linking for treatment of corneal ulcers

This was an observational cohort study looking at the usefulness of photo activated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking (PACK-CXL) in reducing the time to heal in suppurative corneal ulcers. This study, conducted in a tertiary care centre in South...

An uncommon late postoperative complication of combined cataract surgery and intravitreal triamcinolone injection

Case report A 64-year-old female with diabetic maculopathy (DMO) underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in her right eye combined with intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA). Diabetes control was poor with HbA1c (IFCC) of 119mmol/mol and blood sugar level of 27mmol/L....

C-spp corneal consequences

This is a retrospective review of microbiological records of 22 patients, who had presented at the LV Prasad Eye Institute, India, between June 2009 and December 2012. The corneal scrapings were performed in all patients and had yielded significant growth...

Viral uveitis

This review covers viral causes of anterior uveitis. A viral aetiology should be suspected when anterior uveitis is accompanied by ocular hypertension, diffuse stellate keratic precipitates or the presence of iris atrophy. Most common viruses associated are herpes simplex, varicella-zoster...

Cytotoxic effect of voriconazole on human corneal epithelial cells

Voriconazole is a second-generation synthetic derivative of fluconazole with broadened antifungal spectrum. It is becoming the drug of choice for fungal keratitis. Voriconazole eye drops are not available commercially, thus have to be prepared by diluting the intravenous formulation containing...

Topical doxycycline for corneal neovascularisation

Six eyes with corneal vascularisation were treated with 1% topical doxycycline, four times a day for three weeks. The patients were reviewed at various intervals over a period of one year. The eyes selected had neovascularisation secondary to a variety...

A step-by-step approach to the diagnosis and management of Sands of Sahara Syndrome

Sands of Sahara syndrome (diffuse lamellar keratitis) is a rare postoperative complication of Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Its estimated prevalence is reported to be 2-4% among LASIK cases [1], despite that, it is more likely to be encountered by...