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Effect of heredity on risk of diabetic retinopathy

This study used survival analysis on 2199 patients who had reached vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy to investigate the contribution of heredity to diabetes together with other known risk factors for the development of either proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or diabetic macular...

Statins inhibit TGFβ2 mediated fibrotic response in astrocytes

Glaucoma is a common condition where increased ocular pressure can lead to death of retinal ganglion cells due to impaired drainage of fluid from the eye. One mechanism involved in glaucoma is remodelling of the extracellular matrix at the lamina...

Somatostatin protects retinal pericytes

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes, caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the retinal microvasculature. Mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and deposition of advanced glycation end products, leads to glial cell activation and neuronal apoptosis. Pericytes, contractile...

Primary intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) for Group D retinoblastoma

A retrospective review is reported of 64 group D retinoblastoma (RB) eyes (52 patients) treated with primary IVC, between 2002 and 2014 from two centres, in the UK and US. The median age at presentation was 11 months, 35 (67%)...

Acute comitant esotropia as the presenting sign of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

The authors present four children with acute comitant esotropia (AACE) associated with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. All were treated with radiation therapy and all subsequently died due to the tumour. Children were aged 5, 5, 4.5 and 11 years. General...

Ophthalmic presentations and outcomes in Erdheim-Chester disease

This is a comprehensive article describing clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) followed by a literature review of the available treatments. The authors look to compare historical treatment (HT) with vemurafenib, a BRAF inhibitor. ECD is a non-Langerhans...

A population based follow-up study on pseudoexfoliation and cataract surgery

n association between pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and cataracts has been shown in many previous studies. Recently, the Australian Blue Mountains Eye Study, using the Wisconsin Cataract Typing and Grading System, observed an increased prevalence of nuclear cataract in eyes with PEX....

PD-1 and retinal ganglion cell death

Death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in conditions like glaucoma leads to permanent visual loss. RGC death can be due to the initial stress such as raised intraocular pressure or secondary to mechanism such as oxidative stress. Programmed cell death-1...

Brn3b neuroprotective effect in rat glaucoma model

An adeno-associated virus-directed overexpression of the Brn3b protein in hypothesised to confer neuroprotective effects in this paper. This is ultimately tested in a well-accepted rat glaucoma model (Morrison’s model: saline injection into episcleral veins of rat eyes with a force...

Diagnosis and management of paediatric keratoconus

This article reviews the current literature on paediatric keratoconus diagnosis and management. Paediatric cases pose challenges as they may not vocalise unilateral changes, difficulty in obtaining reliable imaging, faster rates of progression, difficultly with contact lenses and presumed worse outcomes...

Prognosticating ocular adnexal lymphoma

The authors retrospectively analyse 160 patients with primary ocular adnexal lymphoma to determine the accuracy of prognosis based on the Ann Arbor classification and how this compares to the accuracy of prognosis based on retrospectively applying the newer Tumor, Node,...