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The International AMD Genomics Consortium study: another success in understanding the complex genetics of AMD

1 April 2017 | | Genetics
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a neurodegenerative complex disease of the eye and a major cause of blindness and visual impairment among the elderly worldwide. The early stages of the disease are characterised by asymptomatic pigmentary abnormalities and accumulation of...

An update on inherited retinal disorders (part 1) – overview and assessment of inherited retinal disease

1 October 2016 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Part 2 of this topic can be found here Inherited Retinal Disease (IRD) is the leading cause of blindness certification in the working age population (age 16-64 years) in England and Wales and the second most common in childhood [1]....

A closer look at the new wave of glaucoma surgery – radical or old school?

1 October 2016 | | Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a challenging condition to treat because the exact pathophysiology remains unclear and the only readily modifiable factor is the intraocular pressure (IOP). Additionally, most glaucoma patients are completely asymptomatic, yet are often subjected to lifelong medical therapy. The...

A brief history of colour vision

1 April 2019 | | Ophthalmology, Optometry
Andrew Want takes a look at how colour vision has evolved in humans and animals and how it differs across species. Colour vision is something that we often take for granted, but it has become so intrinsic to the way...

Management of diabetic macular oedema in vitrectomised eyes

1 August 2016 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is one of the leading causes of blindness; its prevalence is on the rise with progressive increase in numbers of people suffering from diabetes. The management of DMO has evolved significantly over the past few years....

The management of retinal vein occlusions: a summary

1 February 2015 | | AMD, Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Imaging, Ophthalmology, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Retinal vein occlusions (RVO) are the most common cause of visual loss from retinal vascular disease second to diabetic retinopathy. Vision is lost due to ischaemia, macular oedema and / or haemorrhage which ultimately effects a patient’s quality of life...

Macular holes: A brief review

1 August 2017 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
The classification of macular holes has been modernised by OCT findings. This is a brief review and encompasses the historical literature on macular holes. A macular hole is an anatomical discontinuation of the neurosensory retina at the centre of the...

Understanding vasoproliferative retinal tumours

4 February 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Syed Irtiza Ali Shah explores this rare and unusual condition through a fascinating case presentation. Vasoproliferative tumours of the retina (VPTR) are a vascular mass with an associated exudative retinopathy alongside the presence of minimally dilated feeder vessels. This is...

Neurofibromatosis type 2 – diagnosis, features and MDT approach

1 December 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Orbit, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, Cataract and Refractive
NF2 is a genetic condition caused by mutation in a single gene (NF2 gene) on chromosome 22. The NF2 gene provides instructions to produce a protein called merlin, also known as schwannomin. This protein functions as a tumour suppressor, preventing...

Interspecialty referrals

4 February 2021 | | AMD, Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, COVID-19, Emergency Ophthalmology, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Referrals between the many and varied branches of ophthalmology sometimes underline how sub-specialised we have all become nowadays. The old era when everyone was an ophthalmic jack of all trades is gone, for better or for worse, and instead of...

Vitreomacular traction: natural course vs. vitrectomy vs. ocriplasmin

3 June 2024 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Over time, the vitreous gel completely separates from the retina in a process known as a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). In some instances, however, the vitreous does not detach entirely and remains adherent to the macula. The term vitreomacular traction...

The bionic eye – behind the headlines

1 October 2016 | | Oculoplastics, Orbit
Multiple visual prosthetic projects and other vision regeneration initiatives being tested in preclinical and clinical development worldwide illustrate continuing progress and opportunities in addressing profound blindness from hereditary retinal diseases and other causes (Table 1). Three implantable bionic vision systems...