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Pathophysiology of diabetic macular oedema: why combination therapy may be better

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The prevalence of diabetes has continued to increase over the years. It is currently estimated that there are 382 million with diabetes worldwide in 2013, and that this figure is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 [1]. In...

Treatment of diabetic macular oedema

1 June 2014 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a common complication associated with diabetic retinopathy, and the most common cause of visual impairment in diabetes [1]. With predicted rising levels of diabetes (in England by 2025 the estimated population with diabetes will be...

Paediatric ptosis

1 December 2018 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - General
Manoj Parulekar and colleagues provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis, assessment and management of childhood ptosis. Blepharoptosis (commonly referred to as ptosis – Greek, πτῶσις, ‘to fall’) is a condition where the upper eyelid is in an abnormally low...

Newer generation IOL platforms designed for high-quality visual performance after cataract surgery

1 April 2019 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
Expanding intraocular lens (IOL) capabilities provide broadening options, ranging from next-generation monofocal IOLs for basic cataract surgery, to specialised premium IOLs for lens-based presbyopia correction and astigmatism correction at the time of cataract surgery. Rod McNeil considers several newer alternative...

Quality matters in the management of serious eye disorders

1 June 2019 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The author discusses the first quality standard for serious eye disorders from NICE and takes a look at new care models for enhanced service delivery. Patient backlogs pose risks to patient safety, with research showing that people are losing sight...

Hot debates in medical retina and imaging: Perspectives from the Controversies in Ophthalmology 2020 virtual conference

5 August 2020 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - Imaging, EYE - General
Controversies in medical retina and imaging were debated during the Controversies in Ophthalmology 2020 virtual conference held during two mid-day scientific sessions on 27 and 28 March 2020. The author recounts key perspectives and presents viewpoint recommendations from the Vision...

Update on emerging therapies for age-related macular degeneration

4 December 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The 23rd European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA) Congress, held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, provided a timely update on anti-complement therapy for geographic atrophy and emerging investigational therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Anti-complement therapy for geographic atrophy Geographic atrophy...

Progress in retinal disease management: Highlights of the Retina Day, RCOphth 2025 Annual Congress

4 August 2025 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The Retina Day meeting at the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) 2025 Annual Congress in Liverpool was held on 22 May 2025. This report highlights 10 selected topics of interest to subspecialists and general ophthalmologists. Decarbonising anti-VEGF clinics (or making...

High-stakes scenarios in retinal vein occlusion: A survey of medico-legal implications

2 October 2025 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - Glaucoma
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy, and its clinical complexity often intersects with medico-legal scrutiny [1]. Missteps in timely diagnosis, inadequate follow-up or poor documentation can lead to patient harm...

Is this a retinal detachment?

1 April 2021 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Despite the help of allied health professionals in triaging and managing acute ophthalmic emergencies, eye casualty remains overburdened. Trainees at the beginning of their training often struggle to manage such busy clinics with varied presentations. We present a case that...

Dramatic myopic shift due to epithelial basement membrane dystrophy

3 October 2024 | | EYE - Cornea
Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD), also known as map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy, is a common anterior corneal disorder affecting approximately 2% of the population [1]. It is characterised by the abnormal maintenance of the basement membrane, resulting in protrusions into the epithelium....

Shedding light on Wolfram syndrome: The unveiling of a delayed diagnosis

12 August 2025 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS1) was first described by Wolfram and Wagener in 1938 and it’s a rare neurodegenerative, progressive disorder, also known as DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness) [1]. We present an atypical case of WS...