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Tear film thickness after treatment with artificial tears in patients with moderate dry eye disease

In recent years artificial tear drops addressing tear film osmolarity have come onto the market. Increased tear evaporation and reduced tear volume results in tear hyperosmolarity. This triggers an inflammatory process leading to apoptosis of goblet and epithelial cells. Trehalose,...

Feb/Mar 2015 Quiz 1

A 79-year-old male presented to the ophthalmic emergency department with a three week history of left eye pain. He also reported visual deterioration in the left eye over the same period. He suffered from degenerative myopia, with his spectacle prescription...

Ophthalmology in Bangladesh

Imaging Specialist Hayley Coates steps outside her comfort zone to experience ophthalmology in a resource-poor setting. As one of the most densely populated countries in the world, Bangladesh also has one of the highest rates of preventable blindness, worldwide. It...

Exploiting nature’s randomised trials of eye disease

Confounding and reverse causation in observational ophthalmic epidemiology Traditional observational studies are inherently limited in establishing a causal effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest. One fundamental limitation is confounding, whereby causation is incorrectly attributed to a third...

Thinking outside the box – adapting to the COVID-19 lockdown

How can we avoid further delays to follow-up in glaucoma patients? The author asks if there is a socially distanced way to check IOPs in those at high risk of losing vision. Glaucoma is an asymptomatic condition. Loss of the...

Bovine pericardium scleral patch graft associated scleritis: Ahmed valve implant for pupillary block glaucoma

Processed bovine pericardium is a lyophilised collagen sheet used as a surgical armamentarium. It renders the material antigenically inert with minimal inflammation [1]. Sclera patch pericardium graft (Tutopatch) is a collagenous membrane derived from solvent preserved, irradiated bovine pericardium [2]...

Glaucoma patients can monitor and treat their own IOP!

Simerdip Kaur takes a look at the latest ophthalmology-related stories in the news. Headline: Glaucoma patients can monitor and treat their own IOP! It is well known that poorly controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) is a leading risk factor for glaucoma...

Decoding the red eye

Red eye, or hyperaemia, is one of the most common presentations to primary care [1] and the emergency department [2]. However, despite this the underlying cause is often misdiagnosed which can lead to severe, sight-threatening conditions being missed [1]. Thorough...

A case of ‘60-day glaucoma’

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) has been called ‘90-’ or ‘100-day glaucoma’ in the past due to its typical development three months after the onset of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). In reality, NVG can occur anywhere between two weeks and two...

An unusual case report of bilateral abducens paralysis

In this case report a nine-year-old girl develops bilateral abducens nerve paralysis, caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia is characterised by dilation, tortuosity and marked elongation of the vertebral and basilar arteries. Clinical findings result from the compression and displacement...

Endoscopic Surgery of the Orbit: Anatomy, Pathology, and Management

Endoscopic surgery still remains a challenge for many oculoplastic surgeons, whose main scope of work has traditionally been open surgery. The learning curve for endoscopic surgery is quite steep and this approach requires skills that needs to be well trained,...

Ophthalmology assessment using Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy

Bloom’s Taxonomy is a hierarchical list of attributes and skills that facilitates teachers to effectively teach, whilst concurrently enabling learners to effectively learn. It was first developed in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom, an educational psychologist along with a team of...