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It’s not always GCA

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an immune mediated granulomatous inflammatory disease that affects muscular middle or large sized arteries. It is considered as a continuation of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) when the severity of the disease has increased. It is the...

Optic nerve swelling – your survival guide (part 1)

Assessment of optic nerve appearance and functions is a daily routine in neuro-ophthalmology. Following a recent high profile court case there has been a significant increase in the amount of referral to ophthalmology departments to assess the optic nerve and...

My Top Five: Tips for maximising your ophthalmology elective in the UK as an international medical student

Practical strategies for international medical students to maximise their ophthalmology elective in the UK, including networking, skill building and research opportunities. An ophthalmology elective is an incredible opportunity to gain hands-on experience, develop clinical skills and connect with professionals in...

The value of hospital placements in ophthalmology in general practice specialty training

Pratik Bikkannavar provides insights into the potential benefits a placement in ophthalmology provides General Practice Specialty Trainees (GPSTs) and its valuable purpose for the wider ophthalmic community. Ophthalmic complaints are known to account for up to 1 in every 20...

Rare eye diseases: progress continues with authorised orphan medicines and breakthrough technologies

An update on the development of orphan medicines, recent regulatory treatment approvals for rare eye conditions and advances in retinal prosthetic technologies for blinding diseases. The prevalence of a rare disease is based usually on a range of estimates and...

There will be a 27% rise in the number of people living with sight loss in the UK by 2035, RNIB the UK’s leading sight loss charity predicts

This World Sight Day, leading sight loss charity the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) was calling for the UK Government to prioritise eye health. This is after fresh insight from the charity that shows there will be a...

The VISION 2020 LINKS Programme: Cascading leadership training in Calabar, Nigeria

The VISION 2020 LINKS Programme has initiated ‘LEAD FORWARD’, an innovative leadership development project incorporating a commitment to cascade training and participate in achievable quality or service improvement projects. The project provides opportunities to apply leadership skills in practice as...

Exploiting nature’s randomised trials of eye disease

Confounding and reverse causation in observational ophthalmic epidemiology Traditional observational studies are inherently limited in establishing a causal effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest. One fundamental limitation is confounding, whereby causation is incorrectly attributed to a third...

Transcriptomic analysis of ocular tissues

Transcriptomics is defined as the analysis of the complete set of RNA transcripts present in a cell under different circumstances, quiescent versus challenge, by microarray analysis. Comparison of transcriptomes identifies genes that are differentially expressed in different cell populations under...

Glaucoma UK’s World Glaucoma Week campaign to increase awareness of glaucoma risk factors

World Glaucoma Week is an annual initiative which brings health organisation and charities from around the world together to amplify health messages relating to glaucoma and raise awareness of the disease.

Gemini Untwined: treating craniopagus conjoined twins

The authors discuss the successful separation of craniopagus conjoined twins at Great Ormond Street Hospital and the role of the ophthalmologist in such cases. Craniopagus conjoined twins are extraordinarily rare, occurring in only one in 2.5 million births and representing...

Conjunctival inflammation in glaucoma patients

Numerous studies have demonstrated that topical medications and preservatives used for the management of glaucoma can induce significant histopathologic and inflammatory changes in the ocular surface. This study describes an increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen HLA-DR,...