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Embryology in clinical practice

1 February 2016 | | AMD, Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Emergency Ophthalmology, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
The fascinating world of embryology is both beautiful and practical. It is a home video of our evolutionary history through the ages from the single cell through to the life aquatic, the development of gut, limbs and brain, and most...

Ocular bubbly: a vitreoretinal update on the art of gases

5 April 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
The authors remind us of the revolutionary impact gases have had on retinal surgery. In 1938, Rosengren attempted to improve his retina repair surgical outcomes [1]. He discovered that suturing the retina or pressing externally on the sclera were not...

Pituitary tumours: why are they so often missed?

1 October 2017 | | Neuro-Ophthalmology
Part 3: Clinical features, assessment and management (see also Part 2, and Part 1) As previously mentioned in this treatise [1] pituitary tumours are common, occur in all age groups and can present with anything from minimal visual symptoms to...

Visual disturbance heralding stroke: are we seeing the signs in time?

6 April 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Optometry
Isolated visual symptoms may be an early presenting feature of stroke, and timely recognition of such atypical cases is important because treatment for stroke has a limited time-window of efficacy. Stroke occurs in approximately 150,000 people per year in the...

Don’t ignore the black lesion! It might be mucormycosis

1 June 2017 | | Cornea / External Eye Disease
Keeping mucormycosis infection in the foreground of your differential diagnosis, especially in those more vulnerable patients, will help save their lives if recognised and managed appropriately. Mucormycosis is a fulminant infection caused by the fungi of the family Mucoraceae. It...

Cataract surgery in uveitis patients

1 February 2016 | | Cataract and Refractive
Cataract formation is a common complication of uveitis, causing up to 40% of vision loss in these patients. Cataract results from inflammation +/- corticosteroid therapy and is usually posterior subcapsular, but a small proportion have a rapid increase in nuclear...

Upper eyelid ulceration as a presenting sign of frontal sinus mucocele

3 October 2022 | | Ophthalmology
Introduction A sinus mucocele is an epithelium-lined sac filled with mucus and desquamated epithelium. It forms secondary to inflammatory processes that occur in a sinus with an obstructed ostium. Predisposing conditions include previous trauma, surgery, tumours, anatomical abnormalities, and chronic...

Prevalence of acute anterior uveitis in diabetic patients attending diabetic eye disease clinics

5 April 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
The authors share their investigation at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital into the association between diabetes and AAU. The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rapidly rising from an estimated 9.3% in 2019 to 10.2% by 2030 [1]. The link...

Real world data of post-IVT endophthalmitis, from a nurse-delivered intravitreal injection service

3 April 2023 | | Ophthalmology
Introduction Intravitreal injection of neutralising anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody was licenced more than a decade ago, and over the years there has been proportionate increase in the number of intravitreal injections [1]. Injection of a therapeutic agent through...

Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in the diagnosis of ocular myasthenia gravis at the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital

3 August 2023 | | Neuro-Ophthalmology
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the commonest autoimmune condition to affect the neuromuscular junction. In the UK, its prevalence is 15 per 10,000 [1,2] and recent studies have shown that rates are steadily increasing [3,4]. Aims of this audit The aim...

Sustainability in eyecare: Are virtual clinics the way forward in the diagnosis and monitoring of retinal disease?

2 August 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Optometry, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Virtual clinics can be used successfully in screening and management of ocular conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and age-related macular degeneration. Virtual clinics should be a considered as a more clinically appropriate modality of consultation, diagnosis and...

How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests

1 August 2014 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...