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How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests

Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...

NYU Langone Health performs world’s first whole-eye & partial-face transplant

Landmark whole-eye transplant is a major paradigm shift for potential vision therapies.

A step-by-step approach to the diagnosis and management of Sands of Sahara Syndrome

Sands of Sahara syndrome (diffuse lamellar keratitis) is a rare postoperative complication of Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Its estimated prevalence is reported to be 2-4% among LASIK cases [1], despite that, it is more likely to be encountered by...

Sustainability in eyecare: Aravind Eye Hospital’s low carbon eyecare system

The field of healthcare has a substantial impact on the environment as it is responsible for 5-10% of greenhouse gas emissions and 9% of air pollutant generation [1]. Surgery is associated with the rapid consumption of single-use products and waste...

Cost-effectiveness of orthoptic-delivered screening versus school nurse screening

The authors describe a long-term audit of outcomes and costs associated with referrals from two established neighbouring school-entry vision screening services in the UK over one academic year with one adhering to national UK screening guidelines more closely than the...

Pituitary tumours: why are they so often missed?

Part 2: Clinical varieties, anatomical considerations and case report (see also Part 1 and Part 3) For ophthalmologists there are four types of pituitary tumour to be considered, three of which are named according to the hormone secreted, along with...

Retinal structural features of CMV retinitis

Confocal adaptive optics (AO) technology has enabled cellular level retinal imaging, including imaging of photoreceptors and blood flow. Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) is a technology that provides high resolution and high contrast retinal images by correcting ocular aberrations....

How to be a better optometrist – a personal view

Our optometry editor shares her personal observations of what makes the best optometrist. Some years ago in Glasgow, I gave a presentation with this same title, ‘How to be a better optometrist’. I was the optometry programme director for NHS...

Birdshot retinochoroiditis

Birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC) is a chronic, sight-threatening uveitis, most commonly affecting caucasian individuals in their fourth to sixth decades [1]. The disease is associated with HLA-29 and is characterised by progressive inflammation at the level of retina and choroid, with...

Early bird bookings are open for Optometry Tomorrow 2024 – now incorporating BCLA Focus

Taking place from 28-29 April 2024, at the Telford International Centre, the flagship conference of The College of Optometrists now incorporates the biennial UK conference of the British Contact Lens Association.

Myopia-related strabismus – heavy eye syndrome

Introduction Myopia can be associated with any type of strabismus, but high myopia has increased frequency of esotropia and vertical heterotropia. The incidence and severity of the strabismus increases with the degree of myopia and age of the patient. Classification...

Unexpected diagnoses – stroke in children and homonymous hemianopia

We present the case of a 12-year-old child presenting with a few days history of left-sided visual loss. Upon further investigation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) she was unexpectedly diagnosed with a right-sided chronic posterior cerebral arterial territory infarct, causing...