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Incidence, characteristics and risk factors for ROP

This is a retrospective study performed at Seoul St Mary’s Hospital between the period of January 2009 to December 2013. The study was to determine the incidence and clinical features of, and risk factors for, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in...

Intravitreal triamcinolone for uveitic macular oedema

This paper from South Korea reports on a prospective, double blind, randomised clinical study designed to evaluate the additional benefit of intravitreal triamcinolone (TA) administration for noninfectious uveitic macular oedema as an adjunct therapy to systemic anti-inflammatory treatment. Patients were...

Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and age-related cataracts

Cataractogenesis occurs as a result of ageing, smoking, exposure to UV radiation and genetic predisposition. Antioxidants can reduce the cataract risk as found in animal models and humans and vitamin D is one of them. This epidemiological study based in...

Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis: an overview

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which there is dissemination of lesions in time (two or more clinical events) and space (multiple lesions seen on brain and spinal imaging). The pathophysiology...

Visual disturbance heralding stroke: are we seeing the signs in time?

Isolated visual symptoms may be an early presenting feature of stroke, and timely recognition of such atypical cases is important because treatment for stroke has a limited time-window of efficacy. Stroke occurs in approximately 150,000 people per year in the...

Ocular electrophysiology

A 34-year-old woman, who is a CEO in a multinational firm, has been losing vision over the last 12 months. She has seen her opticians, who initially tried different glasses but could not improve things. Clinical examination is unremarkable. How...

Braille phones, glaucoma implants and screenshots

Basic phone for Braille readers (or kids and the elderly) We’ve previously covered the extensive features of smartphones that can help the sight impaired. It’s clear, however, that smartphones are not for everyone. One alternative is a custom made Braille...

The results of the last survey Feb23

*Please be aware that this data does not form part of a peer reviewed research study. The information therein should not be relied upon for clinical purposes but instead used as a guide for clinical practice and reflection. For the...

Ophthalmology in the COVID-19 pandemic

The novel coronavirus pandemic has affected the whole world and forced all of us to think of new ways to manage our day to day personal as well as professional life. I am not going to talk about the clinical...

Headaches in ophthalmology (part 1)

Ophthalmologists see a large number of patients with headaches or facial pain in the ophthalmic outpatient clinics or in emergency clinics. Over two articles, I will discuss several causes of headaches, ocular manifestations and proposed management and referral options. It...

The vitreoretinal priesthood

When I first started doing cataract lists, the consultant at the time, a Mr Brown from Carmarthen, used to say that phacoemulsification was more akin to flying a jet fighter for short dangerous bombing runs than a boring long haul...

Randomisation, confounding & observational methods in ophthalmic epidemiology

Randomisation and confounding Understanding the relationship between an exposure and an outcome of interest is the central challenge in ophthalmic epidemiology. The exposure may be aetiological, taking the form of a putative risk biological factor, or therapeutic, in the form...