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Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in the diagnosis of ocular myasthenia gravis at the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital

3 August 2023 | | Neuro-Ophthalmology
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the commonest autoimmune condition to affect the neuromuscular junction. In the UK, its prevalence is 15 per 10,000 [1,2] and recent studies have shown that rates are steadily increasing [3,4]. Aims of this audit The aim...

A closer look at the new wave of glaucoma surgery – radical or old school?

1 October 2016 | | Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a challenging condition to treat because the exact pathophysiology remains unclear and the only readily modifiable factor is the intraocular pressure (IOP). Additionally, most glaucoma patients are completely asymptomatic, yet are often subjected to lifelong medical therapy. The...

Envision Glasses – A different take on a sight impairment wearable (part 2)

1 February 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Optometry
This is the second part of the review of the Envision Glasses (see Part 1 here), a wearable piece of assistive technology. Features From the main menu four feature modes can be chosen: Read, Identify, Find and Call. The Glasses...

Sclerochoroidal calcification masquerading as ocular malignancy

5 April 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Case 1 A 68-year-old Caucasian gentleman was urgently referred to eye casualty by his optometrist after seeing an unusual incidental finding of protruding lesions from the retina, suspecting choroidal melanoma. He was asymptomatic and this was his first eye test...

Myopia-related strabismus – heavy eye syndrome

3 January 2023 | | Ophthalmology
Introduction Myopia can be associated with any type of strabismus, but high myopia has increased frequency of esotropia and vertical heterotropia. The incidence and severity of the strabismus increases with the degree of myopia and age of the patient. Classification...

Supranuclear ocular motility disorders

1 June 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Emergency Ophthalmology
Figure 1: Bilateral INO Introduction Complex ocular motility disorders are a diagnostic challenge. These patients come with very complex ocular motility presentations and require a careful and detailed assessment in order to find the correct diagnosis and arrange appropriate investigations....

Cavernous sinus syndrome

4 February 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology
Anatomically the cavernous sinus is a plexus of multiple veins that are connected and within this plexus there are several important vascular and neurological structures. These include cranial nerves III, IV, V1 (and sometimes V2), VI as well as the...

Virtual COVID clinics

5 August 2020 | | Ophthalmology, Optometry
The clinics at Ystradgynlais Community Hospital are a little different of late. The nurses are still there, I still get tea with custard creams and the letters I dictate are still all written up by the next day. But there...

Nanosecond laser cataract surgery

2 December 2019 | | Cataract and Refractive, Ophthalmology
The authors review the evidence for nanosecond laser cataract surgery: is this the future? Cataract is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, and cataract surgery is one of the most successful and cost-effective healthcare interventions, with a great impact...

Effect of minor trauma in eyes with previously undiagnosed angioid streaks

1 April 2014 | | AMD, Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Emergency Ophthalmology, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Angioid streaks (AS) may be associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), Paget’s disease, haemoglobulinopathies, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome or abetalipoproteinaemia. Histopathology showed retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris loss, elastic fibre degeneration, calcium deposition, active choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) and vascular endothelial growth...

Bovine pericardium scleral patch graft associated scleritis: Ahmed valve implant for pupillary block glaucoma

1 April 2016 | | Ophthalmology, Glaucoma
Processed bovine pericardium is a lyophilised collagen sheet used as a surgical armamentarium. It renders the material antigenically inert with minimal inflammation [1]. Sclera patch pericardium graft (Tutopatch) is a collagenous membrane derived from solvent preserved, irradiated bovine pericardium [2]...

A step-by-step approach to the diagnosis and management of Sands of Sahara Syndrome

1 October 2018 | | Cornea / External Eye Disease, Ophthalmology, Cataract and Refractive
Sands of Sahara syndrome (diffuse lamellar keratitis) is a rare postoperative complication of Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Its estimated prevalence is reported to be 2-4% among LASIK cases [1], despite that, it is more likely to be encountered by...