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Case series of toxic anterior segment syndrome

Herein we report two cases of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) following uneventful cataract surgery. Both patients presented 24 hours after their uneventful operations with painless blurred vision in the operated eye. The inflammatory reaction was controlled successfully with an...

Managing a dislocated intraocular lens

A 70-year-old male patient is referred from the optician with a history of onset of double vision and examination shows a dislocated / subluxated IOL. How will you manage this patient? If the double vision is causing serious concern to...

Ginko bilboa extract affects hypoxic retinal pigment epithelial cells

Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterised by choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) formation. It is thought that localised hypoxia within the retina results in overexpression of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which induces CNVM formation. VEGF...

In vivo confocal microscopy, principles and use in keratitis Part 1: Principles

In 1968 Maurice introduced the concept of high powered specular microscopy, it was in that very year that the first scanning confocal microscope was proposed. Marvin Minsky developed the first confocal microscope in 1955 named the ‘double focusing scanning microscope’....

Sharing best practice and landmark evidence in glaucoma care

Evolving technology, best practice and landmark evidence in glaucoma care were reviewed by an international expert faculty in session presentations and debates during the 11th Moorfields International Glaucoma Symposium 2019. The authors were meeting chairs and provide an overview of...

“Beware of the pigment”

Using some captivating artwork, Iheukwumere Duru describes key features of pigment dispersion syndrome. Pigmentary dispersion syndrome (PDS) leads to pigmentary glaucoma (PG) in approximately 35-50% of patients with the condition [1]. PG is the leading cause of non-traumatic blindness in...

Can intravitreal anti-VEGF injections affect corneal nerves?

This was a retrospective case-control study looking at the effect of anti-VEGF injections on corneal nerves (CN). Fifty-seven patients with a history of at least three anti-VEGF injections in one or both eyes and available confocal microscopic imaging were included...

Cornea teaching techniques: one cornea donor tissue for two purposes

There is a national shortage in the UK in corneal graft material [1,2]. The majority (69%) of corneal transplants in the UK are partial thickness, with 35% being Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) [2]. During the preparation of the donor...

Microbial keratitis in corneal grafts

The authors report a retrospective case series of 59 episodes of microbial keratitis identified in 41 eyes of 41 patients (39 penetrating keratoplasty (PKPs) and two deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALKs)), from a total of 759 consecutive corneal grafts identified...

Therapeutic ocular surface medium for persistent corneal epithelial defect

Corneal ulcers and persistent epithelial defects (PEDs) are caused by a variety of different insults to the cornea, which includes limbal epithelial stem cell failure. PED may be resistant to healing with standard therapy such as frequent ointments and /...

Environmental variations in endophthalmitis

In this retrospective cohort study, the authors looked at seasonal and environmental variations in 171 endophthalmitis cases out of 423,297 intravitreal injections. The incidence of this complication was not correlated to monthly snowfall, rainfall, or average temperature. There was no...

ANGPTL-4 inhibition reduces inflammation in diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of blindness in working-age humans, and numbers are rising due to increased cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is associated with increased obesity and dyslipidaemia, which is a major risk factor...