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PD-1 and retinal ganglion cell death

1 February 2016 | | Apoptosis, Large retinal ganglion cells, Neuroprotection, Optic nerve crush, Programmed cell death-1
Death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in conditions like glaucoma leads to permanent visual loss. RGC death can be due to the initial stress such as raised intraocular pressure or secondary to mechanism such as oxidative stress. Programmed cell death-1...

RCT of unilateral vs bilateral surgery for lateral incomitance in exotropia

29 March 2024 | | Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the surgical outcomes in the management of lateral incomitance with regard to ocular alignment and change in lateral incomitance in cases of bilateral vs. unilateral strabismus surgery. This was a...

Precision and accuracy of TearLab osmometer

1 February 2015 | | Cornea / External Eye Disease | Dry-eye disease, in situ osmometer, tear osmolarity
Measuring tear osmolarity has been identified as a potential method for objectively diagnosing dry eye. TearLab osmolarity system is an in situ osmometer which may be a promising candidate for clinical use as it is portable and only requires a...

Diagnostic procedures in vitreoretinal lymphoma.

1 December 2014 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous | Biopsy, diagnosis, masquerade, vitrectomy, vitreoretinal lymphoma
This paper presented a retrospective review of medical records of HIV negative immunocompetent patients diagnosed with vitreoretinal lymphoma between 1994 and 2012. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the type and number of diagnostic interventions required to confirm...

Game show freak

3 April 2023 | | Ophthalmology
As a child of the 70s and 80s, there were limited television viewing opportunities. For the duration of the 70s there were only three channels, only moving to four with the launch of Channel 4 in 1982. Not only that,...

Typical and atypical optic neuritis – diagnosis and initial management

1 June 2016 | | Neuro-Ophthalmology
Optic neuritis is a relatively common presentation to ophthalmologists in the acute setting. The vast majority are cases of ‘typical’ optic neuritis (ON) but a smaller group of conditions, so-called, ‘atypical’ optic neuritides require a different work-up and management strategy....

The management of chronic uveitis

1 October 2015 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
A 40-year-old company executive is referred from another unit with recurrent anterior and posterior uveitis for 12 months and the inflammatory markers are raised. Review of systems This is a case of chronic uveitis which needs a thorough workup and...

The paediatric cataract: an overview of the diagnosis and management

5 August 2020 | | Ophthalmology, Cataract and Refractive
In this second article (see first article here), Samuel Aryee and Rhys Dumont Jones review the challenges involved in managing this condition. Examination and diagnosis Cataracts in children can appear in a variety of forms, each presenting in a different...

In conversation with Salman Waqar

1 December 2018 | | Ophthalmology
Hari Kaneshayogan interviews Salman Waqar, a Consultant Ophthalmologist with a keen interest in medical innovation. He is the inventor of the Waqar suture removal forceps, which combines suture cut and removal in one instrument. He has also created an injection...

Ophthalmology history and examination – a guide for medical students

15 February 2023 | | Ophthalmology, ONLINE EXCLUSIVE ARTICLES
*First author Students have very little exposure to ophthalmology during their years at medical school. Teaching consists of a handful of lectures followed by a short placement in which students are expected to practise histories and examinations on patients with...

Headache: the clue is in the eyes

1 October 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Imaging
A worrying cause of headache is raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Papilloedema is a vital clue for accurate diagnosis and performing fundoscopy is essential in detecting this sign. The authors review the use of fundoscopy in their own district general hospital....

The most frequent complaints and claims in ophthalmology – a Medical Protection Society (MPS) analysis

4 December 2018 | | Optometry, Cataract and Refractive, Glaucoma
The authors look at the reasons behind medico-legal cases reported to MPS and share key learning points. Complications following ophthalmology surgery are rare, however, medico-legal cases are not uncommon due to the significant impact they can have on patients’ lifestyles....