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Enhancing ophthalmology training: Unleashing the power of simulation

Ethical and practical barriers hinder early surgical experience in ophthalmology training [1], which is problematic when early-career trainees bring a higher risk of poor surgical outcomes and patient harm [2]. The European working time directive and the surgical backlog secondary...

My Top Five: Apps for UK-based general ophthalmologists

The way we interact in society is changing as more of us are becoming ‘digital natives’: individuals who are in close contact to the internet and expect to integrate smart devices with our daily lives. This was stereotypically a term...

Emergency, Acute and Rapid Access Ophthalmology

There are two parts to the book; the first section makes up the bulk to the textbook and covers clinical aspects of emergency ophthalmology, and the second discusses the management and organisation of an emergency and rapid access service. Part...

Simulating the visual impairment symptoms of age-related macular degeneration in virtual reality

A new virtual reality application visually simulates age-related macular degeneration and demonstrates its progression over time including some Charles Bonnet syndrome hallucinations. Introduction Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries with the prevalence of...

Patient reported outcomes in adolescents with inherited retinal diseases

This was a two-centre validation study of two sets of patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) for adolescents (13-17- years-old) with inherited retinal diseases. The measures were the Michigan Retinal Degeneration Questionnaire (MRDQ) and the Michigan Vision-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (MVAQ). Both...

Nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

This review article describes nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). This condition is one of the common causes of visual loss in adults. The article uses a good range of references and is divided under the headings of; demographics, clinical...

Neurotrophic keratitis

The authors present an overview of the aetiology, diagnosis, current and future management options of neurotrophic keratitis. This is a degenerative corneal disease that occurs following the compromise of trigeminal innervation, leading to hypoesthesia and / or anaesthesia. The aetiology...

Acute dacryocystic retention

This is a retrospective study of patients with acute dacryocystic retention (ADR). The condition is distinct from infectious dacryocystitis, and is characterised by an acute onset of pain and epiphora associated with a tender but not inflamed lacrimal sac thought...

Saccadic eye movements in young-onset Parkinson’s disease

The objective of this study was to understand control of saccadic eye movements in patients with young onset Parkinson’s disease (YOPD) where onset of disease symptoms appears early in life (<40 years of age). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was...

Delayed angle closure in pseudophakia and repeated intravitreal therapy

The authors report two cases of acute angle closure many years after uneventful cataract surgery and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Both patients had neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and received regular intravitreal injections (24 and 25 injections in...

Occult central retinal artery occlusion

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a sight-threatening condition resulting from occlusion of the central retinal artery and hypoperfusion of the inner retina. Early on, fundal examination may be normal. The authors present a retrospective case series of 11 patients...

Visual snow syndrome: a review

Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a neurological condition characterised by visual phenomena described as dots moving across the visual field. Other visual symptoms can take the form of palinopsia, entopic phenomena, photophobia and nyctalopia. Tinnitus and migraine can be commonly...