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An introduction to research governance

Research is the process of acquiring new generalisable knowledge and should be fully integrated into health care work. There is a growing drive to encourage and further develop evidence-based practice in ophthalmology so that staff and patients benefit from improved...

Ocular Dirofilariasis: a diagnosis on the rise?

Dirofilaria repens is one of 40 species of Dirofilaria. It is a zoonotic filarial nematode that commonly impacts dogs, however, human infection can occur through affected organs like skin, lung and eyes [1]. Although, there have been case reports of...

Technology for remote working and COVID-19 resources

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered every aspect of how we live, and how healthcare needs to be provided for the welfare of patients and staff. I thought I would try to summarise a few potential technology tools that could be...

My Top Five: Ophthalmology Twitter accounts

There are approximately 4.2 billion active social media users worldwide. This figure represents over half of the global population and is steadily rising [1]. There are currently over 217 million active Twitter users and given the platform’s versatility and ability...

Coming to terms with AI

A machine might be called intelligent if its response to questions could convince a person that it was human, a test proposed by Alan Turing in 1950 [1]. The author considers potential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) using machine learning...

PACK-crosslinking for infectious keratitis

Corneal cross-linking with riboflavin and UV-A light (CXL) is a technology that has been initially developed to treat corneal ectatic disorders [1]. Its effect in stabilising diseases such as keratoconus was reported in numerous trials with excellent long-term outcomes and...

Optimising the ocular surface by managing meibomian gland dysfunction

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is ubiquitous. Ocular surface inflammation and irritation are prevalent in most ophthalmology clinics: corneal, cataract, glaucoma, oculoplastic, paediatric, vitreo-retinal, medical retina and refractive surgery. These patients also represent roughly one third of those attending for emergency...

Optic nerve swelling – your survival guide (part 2)

In this second article we will discuss bilateral optic nerve swelling, its aetiology, various investigations and possible treatments. We will also discuss various protocols used in the management of suspected optic nerve swelling cases. (Part one of this topic available...

Predictive measure for alignment stability

The authors aimed to determine whether a correlation exists between the immediate operative alignment and future alignment in fixed suture strabismus surgery. This study enrolled 54 patients; seven were lost to follow-up so results are presented for 47 cases. Mean...

Amblyopia risk factors with nasolacrimal duct obstruction in newborns

This study compares amblyopia risk factors in 1) newborns with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and age-matched healthy controls, 2) newborns with unilateral and bilateral CNLDO and 3) affected eye and fellow eye of newborns with unilateral CNLDO. The authors...

Unusual case presentation of arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

The authors present a single case of an 84-year-old man with arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, but with unusual features on temporal artery biopsy. He presented with a three-day history of sudden onset of loss of vision in his right...

Detailed overview of diplopia causes and outcomes for a single tertiary care centre

The purpose of this study was to study the aetiology, progression and outcome in patients with binocular diplopia presenting to the ophthalmology department of a tertiary care centre in India. The study had a prospective observational design where all patients...