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Navigating the retina: the nitty-gritty of slit-lamp fundus examination

The slit-lamp fundus examination can be a difficult and disorientating task for beginners due to the retina being viewed in a non-anatomical orientation, the small area of retina illuminated, and the counterintuitive technique of the examination. This article provides a...

AI can identify treatment gaps for patients with macular disease, study shows

Using artificial intelligence (AI) in eye clinics could reduce both undertreatment and overtreatment of neovascular or ‘wet’ age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in older people and accounts for around 1 in 10...

Ophthalmology history and examination – a guide for medical students

*First author Students have very little exposure to ophthalmology during their years at medical school. Teaching consists of a handful of lectures followed by a short placement in which students are expected to practise histories and examinations on patients with...

Primary eyecare welcomes Government’s commitment to improve access to care

The Association of British Dispensing Opticians (ABDO), The College of Optometrists and the Federation of Optometrists and Dispensing Opticians (FODO) back the Government’s commitment to put patients in the driving seat and give them more control and choice over their...

Staged excision of primary periocular BCC

This is a 10 retrospective review of case notes study of 437 patients of staged basal cell carcinoma (BCC) excisions between 2000 and 2017. All patients had 3mm clinically clear margins with staged excision and standard reconstruction techniques were performed...

Sustainability in cataract surgery: Everyday practice at Kabgayi

Reading the Royal College of Ophthalmologists’ (RCOphth) ‘Sustainable Cataract Surgery’ guidance (September 2025) was a pleasant surprise [1]. Many of its recommendations mirror what we have been doing at Kabgayi Eye Unit for years, not because of formal policy, but...

Melanocytoma of the optic disc

Melanocytoma is a heavily pigmented lesion, composed of melanocytes and is a variant of melanocytic naevus. It classically occurs at the optic disc and is usually benign, static and asymptomatic. However, it can occasionally grow and invade the retina or...

Retinal pigment epithelium tears

In this paper the authors review the current knowledge of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears. Although rare these can cause loss of visual acuity. They can occur spontaneously in pigment epithelial detachment (PED) due to occult choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), retinal...

Spot diagnosis? The white dot syndromes

This review article provides an up-to-date summary of white spot syndromes. The authors explain that the white spot syndromes form a group of inflammatory retinal disorders with distinct lesion distribution and progression patterns. Multimodal imaging has revealed unique phenotypes, enhancing...

Volunteer abroad: the Khmer Sight Foundation

A team of volunteers describe their experiences of working with the Khmer Sight Foundation in Cambodia. Cambodia has a population of 15 million people, of whom an estimated 300,000 are blind. This figure is increasing by 10,000 each year. Three-quarters...

Progressive myelination of the retinal nerve fibre layer: Acquired or incidental?

*Co-first authors.Myelinated retinal nerve fibres are retinal nerve fibres encased by a myelin sheath, located anterior to the lamina cribrosa [1]. First described by Virchow in 1856, a myelinated retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) appears as a whitish, feathery patch...

Retinal prosthetics: science fiction or a vision for the future?

“Is it a fact – or have I dreamt it – that, by means of electricity, the world of matter has become a great nerve, vibrating thousands of miles in a breathless point of time?” – Nathaniel Hawthorne, The House...