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Management of ocular surface disease

This is a retrospective study of patients with ocular surface disease (OSIDs) treated with IKERVIS in a single centre between 2016 to 2019 with at least six months follow-up. Clinical outcome was defined as successful (resolved or stable disease), active...

Real-world experience of using ciclosporin-A 0.1% in the management of ocular surface inflammatory diseases

This is a retrospective study of patients with ocular surface inflammatory diseases (OSIDs) treated with IKERVIS in a single centre between 2016 to 2019 with at least six months follow-up. Clinical outcome was defined as successful (resolved or stable disease),...

Aquaporin-4 antibody testing in isolate optic neuritis

The authors present a retrospective case review of first presentation isolated cases of optic neuritis tested for aquaporin-4 antibody across two centres over a nine-year period. Exclusion criteria included known diagnosis or other manifestations of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Two...

Tocilizumab in Graves’ orbitopathy

This prospective European study looks at the response to tocilizumab in corticosteroid-resistant disease. Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a monoclonal antibody that competitively inhibits IL-6 binding to its receptor. Unlike teprotumumab, the advantage of TCZ is that it is already used within...

Comparison of bupivacaine injection vs. mini-tenotomy for small angle deviations

Bupivacaine hydrochloride is an aminoacyltype local anaesthetic. Injection into extraocular muscles elicits a myotoxic response destroying striated muscle fibres but sparing satellite cells, nerves and vessels. Preserved satellite cells proliferate to form new muscle fibres, causing muscle hypertrophy and greater...