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Anatomical variations of the nasolacrimal system

The authors report a retrospective observational case series of 734 dacryocystography images; 689 from adult patients and 45 from paediatric patients. Of these 734 images, 35 (4.8%) were found to have an anatomical variant where the nasolacrimal duct emerged from...

Presentation features of ocular neuromyotonia in children

The authors report five cases of ocular neuromyotonia (ON) in children following radiation treatment for brain tumours. Children were aged four, nine, twelve, five and nine years. Three had craniopharyngioma, one had fourth ventricle ependymoma and one had posterior fossa...

RCT review of surgery for open angle glaucoma

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined eight randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) reducing effect of three types of microstent implantation (Hydrus, iStent, CyPass) combined with phacoemulsification versus phacoemulsification alone for patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG)...

A case of ipsilateral fourth nerve paresis and Horner’s syndrome

The author presents a single case report of an exceptional association between fourth nerve palsy and ipsilateral Horner’s Syndrome. The case is presented alongside magnetic resonance images (MRI) which reveal a mass in the right cavernous sinus. The 54-year-old woman...

Fusional vergence measurement

This paper reports a systematic review to address two objectives: 1, to compare the normative values of tests measuring fusional vergence; 2, to investigate sources of heterogeneity of prism accuracy. The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines with a...

Acute comitant esotropia as the presenting sign of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

The authors present four children with acute comitant esotropia (AACE) associated with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. All were treated with radiation therapy and all subsequently died due to the tumour. Children were aged 5, 5, 4.5 and 11 years. General...

Fusion vergence measures

The purpose of this study was to compare fusional vergence measurements between orthophoria, esophoria and exophoria and determine the strength of correlation between fusional vergence and angle of deviation. This was a cross-section study of 530 children aged six to...

Reduced angle after BT for postop diplopia test

The authors undertook a retrospective study to evaluate the extent of reduced deviation after Botulinum toxin (BT) when used as a postoperative diplopia test. They evaluated effect in 39 patients: 32 exotropia and seven esotropia. The same BT dose was...

Visual field progression after glaucoma drainage device implantation

This retrospective interventional case series assessed changes to visual fields after implantation of a glaucoma drainage device (Baerveldt, Ahmed or Molteno Devices) between 2010 and 2015. A total of 106 eyes from 96 patients were included in the final analysis...

Surgical treatment outcomes and predictors for consecutive exotropia

This retrospective study presented the long-term results of consecutive exotropia surgery and its prognostic factors, and compared efficacy of medial rectus advancement, lateral rectus recession, or a combination of both. Patients were treated between 2000–2020. Mean age was 33.98 ±17.68...