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Protecting retinal ganglion cells

1 August 2017 | | Glaucoma
Glaucoma is considered to be a heterogeneous group of conditions giving retinal ganglion cells (RGC) damage. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) reduces the risk of progressive RGC loss in glaucoma. Regeneration of the optic nerve has been shown to restore some...

Supranuclear ocular motility disorders

1 June 2022 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Emergency Ophthalmology
Figure 1: Bilateral INO Introduction Complex ocular motility disorders are a diagnostic challenge. These patients come with very complex ocular motility presentations and require a careful and detailed assessment in order to find the correct diagnosis and arrange appropriate investigations....

Do steroids prevent progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)?

1 February 2017 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
There is continuing debate on the merits of pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) for severe pre-proliferative and proliferative DR versus the newer therapies that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This has been hotly debated [1] following the publication of findings from...

Cementing a VISION 2020 LINK partnership between Blantyre and Liverpool – building capacity for DR services alongside research

1 August 2016 | | Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, AMD, Emergency Ophthalmology
Malawi is a small land-locked country in eastern Africa with a growing population of over 17 million people. About 45% of the population is aged 14 or under; only 5% are aged 60 or over. The gross national income per...

Glaucoma: 30 years on

30 November 2023 | | Glaucoma, ONLINE EXCLUSIVE ARTICLES
Back in 1993, the late and great Barry Cullen FRCS (Cavan born, Dublin trained), the first editor of Eye News, asked me to write an article about the current treatment of chronic open angle glaucoma (COAG). At the time I...

Shifting the paradigm of managing patients in medical retina: how real-world data can help us to improve clinical practice

1 February 2015 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
The ophthalmic subspecialty of ‘medical retina’ has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. With the introduction of ranibizumab (Lucentis, Novartis), a specialty formerly dominated by laser-based therapies has been transformed to become, in large part, pharmacotherapy-based. To date, these pharmacotherapies...

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs)

3 October 2022 | | Ophthalmology
The term congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD) was introduced by Gutowski et al. in 2003 to describe strabismus conditions that result from developmental error in innervation of some of the extraocular muscles. Examples of these conditions include Duane’s syndrome and...

My top five: Emerging alternatives to manage and treat nAMD

3 April 2024 | | AMD
Wet (exudative or neovascular) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterised by choroidal neovascularisation, in which new blood vessels from the choroid invade through Bruch’s membrane. These blood vessels proliferate beneath or through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), causing patients to...

Outcomes at 100 weeks from the LEAVO study of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapies for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion

23 May 2019 |
Royal College of Ophthalmologists Annual Congress 2019, Glasgow - First presented and discussed on Monday 20 May 2019, with a further presentation of results during Retina Subspecialty Day on Thursday 23 May 2019. Among patients with macular oedema secondary to...

How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests

1 August 2014 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...

Retinoblastoma – the challenges of a rare cancer and the role of international partnerships

4 October 2023 | | Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus
Introduction: the global challenge The global burden of retinoblastoma (Rb) is one in 15,000-18,000 live births, which equates to 8000 new cases worldwide each year. The global disparities in Rb outcome represent a paradigm of health inequality worldwide [1]. In...

It’s not always GCA

7 December 2020 | | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an immune mediated granulomatous inflammatory disease that affects muscular middle or large sized arteries. It is considered as a continuation of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) when the severity of the disease has increased. It is the...