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Thyroid eye disease

22 September 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Orbit, ONLINE EXCLUSIVE ARTICLES
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition with a spectrum of signs and symptoms, usually associated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination but there are further investigations that can aid diagnosis if unclear....

Clinical relevance of the anatomic classification of neovascular age-related macular degeneration

1 February 2018 | | Imaging, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, Ophthalmology
The author explains why an OCT-based classification of neovascular AMD is needed and how these neovascular subtypes may help to predict patients’ long-term visual outcome. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative process involving the macula in...

“Beware of the pigment”

4 August 2021 | | Ophthalmology, Glaucoma
Using some captivating artwork, Iheukwumere Duru describes key features of pigment dispersion syndrome. Pigmentary dispersion syndrome (PDS) leads to pigmentary glaucoma (PG) in approximately 35-50% of patients with the condition [1]. PG is the leading cause of non-traumatic blindness in...

Blinking blepharitis has a lot to answer for…

1 October 2015 | | Cornea / External Eye Disease
Never ignore the small things’…someone once said. There is no doubt blepharitis is one of the most common eye conditions encountered daily, but with the typical pressures of a busy outpatient department, the management of more obvious, sight-threatening conditions necessarily...

Corneal transplantation in the United Kingdom: are we blind to the challenges that still exist after the Organ Donation Bill?

28 November 2022 | | Cornea / External Eye Disease, Ophthalmology
Corneal transplantation (CT) is a significant treatment option for a huge number of patients in the United Kingdom (UK) [1]. For an individual, CT results in a substantial improvement in quality of life. Penetrating keratoplasty with full thickness grafting has...

What not to miss in neuro-ophthalmology Part 1

1 April 2018 | Neuro-Ophthalmology
Neuro-ophthalmology is a complex and difficult subspecialty in ophthalmology. It has several connections to neurology, neuro-surgery, rheumatology as well as many other medical specialties. Working in an multidisciplinary team (MDT) environment is key to success in this subspecialty as mistakes...

Is it NAION… Now what?

3 April 2024 | | Neuro-Ophthalmology
Case presentation We present the case and discussion of a 46-year-old Caucasian male who complained of immediate reduced vision following complicated neck dissection including a total laryngopharyngectomy, free flap reconstruction for a T4N3 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the left...

An anterior segment lump: a diagnostic and treatment challenge

2 February 2024 | | Ocular Pathology and Oncology
Case presentation A 50-year-old female presented to eye casualty with a lump on the left medial lower eyelid with associated redness and occasional bleeding. The lump was present for a few months with recent enlargement (Figure 1). Her past medical...

The structure function relationship in glaucoma

1 April 2017 | | Glaucoma
Chronic open angle glaucoma (COAG) is the second most common cause of blindness worldwide. It is diagnosed on the basis of three clinical signs, raised intraocular pressure (IOP), visual field (VF) defects and structural changes to the optic nerve head...

Cancer associated retinopathy

7 December 2020 | | Ophthalmology, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Abdul Muhyemin Tarin reviews the presentation, pathophysiology and management of this paraneoplastic syndrome. Case presentation A 60-year-old hypermetropic female patient presented with several months’ history of painless blurred vision. Visual acuity (VA) was 6/24 and 6/9-1 in right and left...

How to maximise points for your ophthalmology portfolio as a medical student

4 December 2023 | | Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is an extremely popular and competitive career option, with one of the highest competition ratios at ST1 level entry (10:1 in 2023) [1]. It is also a highly rewarding speciality, involving: a mixture of medicine and surgery in a...

An update on inherited retinal disorders (part 2): Approaches to therapy for IRDs

1 December 2016 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Part 1 of this topic can be found here There are currently no proven cures for inherited retinal disease (IRD). However, multiple avenues of research are being investigated to better understand disease mechanisms and trial potential therapies that may slow...